Which best defines "operant conditioning"?

Operant conditioning is best defined as a learning process that is modified by reinforcement or punishment. In this context, it refers to a behavioral approach where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. When a behavior is followed by a reinforcing consequence, it is more likely to be repeated, while the presence of a punishing consequence decreases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. This concept, introduced by B.F. Skinner, is fundamental in understanding how behaviors can be shaped over time through the strategic use of consequences.

Understanding operant conditioning is essential for applying behavior analysis in practical settings, such as education, therapy, and behavior modification. This approach emphasizes that learning is not just a passive process but rather an active one where behavior is influenced by its outcomes, thereby allowing for the development of effective strategies for behavior change.