What is the purpose of "functional analysis" in ABA?

The purpose of "functional analysis" in applied behavior analysis (ABA) is to systematically manipulate environmental variables in order to identify the functions of a behavior. This method entails creating different conditions that allow the practitioner to observe how the behavior responds to various antecedents and consequences. By examining how changes in the environment affect the occurrence of the behavior, practitioners can discern whether the behavior is reinforced by attention, escape, access to tangibles, or sensory stimulation, among other functions.

Functional analysis is distinct from other methods, such as descriptive assessments, which typically involve observing behavior in natural settings without manipulation of variables to determine the function. While functional analysis is indeed a method for identifying the variables that influence behavior, it is not primarily concerned with punishment or measuring academic performance. Instead, it focuses on understanding the underlying reasons for behavior in order to inform effective intervention strategies tailored to the individual's needs. This makes functional analysis a vital tool for behavior analysts in developing and implementing effective treatment plans.