What is the definition of differential reinforcement?

Differential reinforcement is defined as the process of reinforcing a specific target behavior while simultaneously placing other behaviors on extinction. This technique aims to increase the frequency of the desired behavior by providing reinforcement directly contingent upon its occurrence, allowing for a clear differentiation between the target behavior and other behaviors that are not reinforced. As a result, over time, the individual is more likely to engage in the desired behavior since it receives the positive reinforcement, while the behaviors that are not reinforced are less likely to occur due to the absence of reinforcement.

Reinforcing all types of behavior would not align with the principle of differential reinforcement, as it would not help individuals learn which specific behaviors to increase. Ignoring maladaptive behaviors entirely, while it might reduce their occurrence, does not involve the proactive strategy of reinforcing a desired behavior, thus lacking the focus on encouraging alternative, more appropriate behaviors. Providing equal reinforcement to all behaviors contradicts the concept of differential reinforcement since it does not prioritize any specific behavior over others. Hence, the focus on reinforcing a target behavior while placing others on extinction accurately captures the essence of differential reinforcement.