How does the strategy of Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behaviors (DRI) function?

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behaviors (DRI) is a strategy that specifically targets and reinforces behaviors that are physically incompatible with maladaptive behaviors. This means that when one behavior is being performed, the other cannot occur at the same time. For instance, if a child tends to hit others when frustrated, DRI might involve reinforcing them for keeping their hands in their pockets or holding a toy, as these behaviors cannot occur simultaneously with hitting.

By focusing on reinforcing these incompatible behaviors, the strategy effectively reduces the occurrence of the unwanted behavior, as engaging in the alternative behavior provides a substitute that the individual cannot do while exhibiting the maladaptive behavior. This approach is particularly effective because it not only diminishes the maladaptive behavior but also promotes the development of socially acceptable behaviors.